Vovinam, also known as Vovinam Viet Vo Dao, is a Vietnamese martial art that encompasses a wide range of techniques and combat strategies. The name "Vovinam" is a combination of "Vo" (meaning martial arts) and "Vinam" (short for Vietnam), representing the art's Vietnamese origin. Vovinam is characterized by its versatility, incorporating elements of both armed and unarmed combat.

Key elements and characteristics of Vovinam include:

  1. Self-Defense Techniques: Vovinam places a strong emphasis on practical self-defense techniques designed for real-world situations. Practitioners learn how to respond effectively to various types of attacks, including strikes, grabs, and holds.

  2. Striking Techniques: Vovinam includes a wide array of striking techniques, such as punches, kicks, elbow strikes, knee strikes, and open-hand strikes. These techniques are executed with precision and power.

  3. Grappling and Locking Techniques: Vovinam incorporates joint locks, throws, and grappling techniques for controlling and neutralizing opponents. These techniques enhance the art's versatility.

  4. Weaponry Training: Vovinam includes training with traditional Vietnamese weapons such as the long staff (co), the short staff (can), and the double-ended spear (nunchaku). Weapons training enhances a practitioner's understanding of movement and technique.

  5. Forms (Quyen): Vovinam practitioners learn and perform a series of choreographed forms called "quyen." These forms help develop fluidity, balance, and martial skill. Each quyen includes a variety of techniques and movements.

  6. Philosophy and Principles: Vovinam incorporates ethical and philosophical principles, emphasizing respect, discipline, humility, and the responsible use of martial knowledge.

  7. Ranking System: Vovinam employs a colored belt ranking system similar to many other martial arts. Practitioners progress through various belt levels as they gain proficiency and knowledge.

History of Vovinam

Vovinam, also known as Vovinam Viet Vo Dao, is a Vietnamese martial art with a history rooted in the 20th century. It was founded by Grandmaster Nguyen Loc in Vietnam and has since grown to become a globally recognized martial art. Here is an overview of the history of Vovinam:

1. Early 20th Century and the Founding of Vovinam (1930s):

  • Vovinam was founded in the early 20th century by Grandmaster Nguyen Loc (also known as Nguyen Loi).
  • Grandmaster Nguyen Loc was a martial artist and scholar who sought to develop a comprehensive martial art system that could effectively address the needs of self-defense and resistance against foreign occupation.
  • He drew inspiration from various martial traditions, including traditional Vietnamese martial arts, as well as Chinese and Japanese martial arts, to create Vovinam.

2. Development and Name Change (1938):

  • In 1938, Grandmaster Nguyen Loc officially established the martial art and named it "Vo Vietnam," which translates to "Martial Arts of Vietnam."
  • Vo Vietnam was initially taught privately to a select group of students.

3. Vovinam's Expansion and Renaming (1940s-1950s):

  • Vovinam continued to develop and gain recognition, attracting more students and spreading its teachings.
  • In 1954, the martial art was officially renamed "Vovinam Viet Vo Dao" to emphasize its Vietnamese origin and to distinguish it from other martial arts systems.
  • Vovinam schools were established in various regions of Vietnam.

4. Promotion and Global Spread (1960s-Present):

  • After the Vietnam War, Vovinam practitioners sought to promote and expand the martial art internationally.
  • Vovinam schools and organizations were established in countries around the world, including France, the United States, Canada, Australia, and many others.
  • The International Vovinam Federation (IVF) was established to oversee and coordinate Vovinam activities worldwide.

5. Characteristics and Growth (Present):

  • Vovinam is characterized by its diverse range of techniques, including strikes, kicks, throws, joint locks, grappling, and traditional weaponry.
  • Practitioners of Vovinam learn a series of forms (quyen) that encompass various techniques and scenarios.
  • The martial art emphasizes both self-defense applications and personal development, including physical fitness, mental discipline, and moral values.

Today, Vovinam is practiced by individuals of all ages and backgrounds, both in Vietnam and across the globe. It is valued for its effectiveness in self-defense, physical conditioning, and character development. Vovinam remains deeply rooted in Vietnamese martial tradition while embracing influences from other martial arts systems, making it a unique and dynamic martial art with a global presence.